Systems, articles, and methods for integrating holographic optical elements with eyeglass lenses

ABSTRACT

Systems, articles, and methods that integrate photopolymer film with eyeglass lenses are described. One or more hologram(s) may be recorded into/onto the photopolymer film to enable the lens to be used as a transparent holographic combiner in a wearable heads-up display employing an image source, such as a microdisplay or a scanning laser projector. The methods of integrating photopolymer film with eyeglass lenses include: positioning photopolymer film in a lens mold and casting the lens around the photopolymer film; sandwiching photopolymer film in between two portions of a lens; applying photopolymer film to a concave surface of a lens; and/or affixing a planar carrier (with photopolymer film thereon) to two points across a length of a concave surface of a lens. Respective lenses manufactured/adapted by each of these processes are also described.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present systems, articles, and methods generally relate toholographic eyeglass lenses and particularly relate to integratingphotopolymer film with an eyeglass lens for use as a holographic opticalelement in a wearable heads-up display.

BACKGROUND Description of the Related Art

Wearable Heads-Up Displays

A head-mounted display is an electronic device that is worn on a user'shead and, when so worn, secures at least one electronic display within aviewable field of at least one of the user's eyes, regardless of theposition or orientation of the user's head. A wearable heads-up displayis a head-mounted display that enables the user to see displayed contentbut also does not prevent the user from being able to see their externalenvironment. The “display” component of a wearable heads-up display iseither transparent or at a periphery of the user's field of view so thatit does not completely block the user from being able to see theirexternal environment. Examples of wearable heads-up displays include:the Google Glass®, the Optinvent Ora®, the Epson Moverio®, and the SonyGlasstron®, just to name a few.

A challenge in the design of most wearable heads-up displays is tominimize the bulk of the face-worn apparatus will still providingdisplayed content with sufficient visual quality. There is a need in theart for wearable heads-up displays of more aesthetically-appealingdesign that are capable of providing high-quality images to the userwithout limiting the user's ability to see their external environment.

Photopolymer

A photopolymer is a material that changes one or more of its physicalproperties when exposed to light. The changes may be manifested indifferent ways, including structurally and/or chemically. Photopolymermaterials are often used in holography as the film or medium within orupon which a hologram is recorded. For example, a photopolymer film maybe controllably exposed/illuminated with a particular interferencepattern of light to cause surface relief patterns to form in/on thephotopolymer film, the surface relief patterns conforming to theinterference pattern of the illuminating light. A photopolymer film maycomprise only photopolymer material itself, or it may comprisephotopolymer carried on or between any or all of: a substrate, such astriacetate and/or polyamide and/or polyimide and/or polycarbonate,and/or a fixed or removable protective cover layer. Many examples ofphotopolymer film are available in the art today, such as DuPont HRFphotopolymer film, Darol™ photopolymer from Polygrama Inc., or Bayfol®HX film from Bayer AG.

Eyeglass Lenses

A typical pair of eyeglasses or sunglasses includes two lenses, arespective one of the lenses positioned in front of each eye of the userwhen the eyeglasses/sunglasses are worn on the user's head. In somealternative designs, a single elongated lens may be used instead of thetwo separate lenses, the single elongated lens spanning in front of botheyes of the user when the eyeglasses/sunglasses are worn on the user'shead. The lenses of a pair of eyeglasses are typically colorless andoptically transparent while the lenses of a pair of sunglasses aretypically colored or tinted in some way to partially attenuate the lightthat passes therethrough. However, throughout the remainder of thisspecification and the appended claims, the terms “eyeglasses” and“sunglasses” are used substantially interchangeably unless the specificcontext requires otherwise.

An eyeglass lens may be formed of glass, or a non-glass (e.g., plastic)material such as polycarbonate, CR-39, Hivex®, or Trivex®. An eyeglasslens may be a non-prescription lens that transmits light essentiallyunaffected or provides a generic function (such as magnification) toimages that pass therethrough. Alternatively, an eyeglass lens may be aprescription lens (usually user-specific) that compensates fordeficiencies in the user's vision by imparting specific one or moreoptical function(s) to transmitted light. Generally, an eyeglass lensbegins as a lens (or a lens “blank”) and a prescription may optionallybe applied by deliberately shaping the curvature on either or both ofthe outward-facing surface and/or the inward-facing surface of the lens.It is most common for a prescription to be applied by shaping thecurvature of the inward-facing surface (i.e., the surface that is mostproximate the user's eye when worn) of a lens because such allows theoutward-facing aesthetics of the eyeglasses to remain substantiallyhomogenized across different users with different prescriptions.

BRIEF SUMMARY

A method of manufacturing a lens for use in a wearable heads-up displaymay be summarized as including: providing a lens mold having a cavity;positioning a photopolymer film within the cavity of the lens mold;casting a lens-forming fluid into the cavity; and curing thelens-forming fluid within the cavity to form a lens having thephotopolymer film embedded therein, the lens having dimensions and ageometry at least approximately equal to the cavity. The method mayfurther include applying a curvature to the photopolymer film beforecasting the lens-forming fluid into the cavity. The method may furtherinclude applying an optical adhesive to at least one surface of thephotopolymer film before positioning the photopolymer film within thecavity of the lens mold. The method may further include recording ahologram into the photopolymer film before positioning the photopolymerfilm within the cavity of the lens mold, wherein the hologramcompensates for an optical effect of the lens. The method may furtherinclude recording a hologram into the photopolymer film embedded in thelens after curing the lens-forming fluid within the cavity to form thelens, wherein: positioning the photopolymer film within the cavity ofthe lens mold; casting the lens-forming fluid into the cavity; andcuring the lens-forming fluid within the cavity to form the lens havingthe photopolymer film embedded therein, are all performed in a darkenvironment. The method may further include applying an eyeglassprescription to the lens after curing the lens-forming fluid within thecavity to form the lens, for example by removing material from a lensblank and/or polishing per the eyeglass prescription. The method mayfurther include annealing the lens at temperature between 50° C. and100° C. for at least thirty minutes. A lens for use in a wearableheads-up display may be summarized as having been prepared by a processcomprising the acts of: providing a lens mold having a cavity;positioning a photopolymer film within the cavity of the lens mold;casting a lens-forming fluid into cavity; and curing the lens-formingfluid within the cavity to form a lens having the photopolymer filmembedded therein, the lens having dimensions and a geometry at leastapproximately equal to the cavity.

A method of manufacturing a lens for use in a wearable heads-up displaymay be summarized as including: providing a front half portion of alens; providing a rear half portion of the lens; providing aphotopolymer film; applying an optical adhesive to at least one surfaceselected from a group consisting of: a surface of the front half portionof the lens, a surface of the rear half portion of the lens, and asurface of the photopolymer film; positioning the photopolymer film inbetween the front half portion of the lens and the rear half portion ofthe lens; and pressing the front half portion of the lens and the rearhalf portion of the lens together with the photopolymer film sandwichedtherebetween. The method may further include applying a curvature to thephotopolymer film before positioning the photopolymer film in betweenthe front half portion of the lens and the rear half portion of thelens. The method may further include recording a hologram into thephotopolymer film before positioning the photopolymer film in betweenthe front half portion of the lens and the rear half portion of thelens, wherein the hologram compensates for at least one optical effectintroduced by at least one of the front half portion of the lens, acurvature of the photopolymer film, and/or the rear half portion of thelens. The method may further include recording a hologram into thephotopolymer film after pressing the front half portion of the lens andthe rear half portion of the lens together with the photopolymer filmsandwiched therebetween, wherein: applying the optical adhesive to atleast one surface selected from the group consisting of: the surface ofthe front half portion of the lens, the surface of the rear half portionof the lens, and the surface of the photopolymer film; positioning thephotopolymer film in between the front half portion of the lens and therear half portion of the lens; and pressing the front half portion ofthe lens and the rear half portion of the lens together with thephotopolymer film sandwiched therebetween, are all performed in a darkenvironment. The method may further include applying an eyeglassprescription to at least one of the front half portion of the lensand/or the rear half portion of the lens after pressing the front halfportion of the lens and the rear half portion of the lens together withthe photopolymer film sandwiched therebetween.

A lens for use in a wearable heads-up display may be summarized ashaving been prepared by a process comprising the acts of: providing afront half portion of a lens; providing a rear half portion of the lens;providing a photopolymer film; applying an optical adhesive to at leastone surface selected from a group consisting of: a surface of the fronthalf portion of the lens, a surface of a rear half portion of the lens,and a surface of the photopolymer film; positioning the photopolymerfilm in between the front half portion of the lens and the rear halfportion of the lens; and pressing the front half portion of the lens andthe rear half portion of the lens together with the photopolymer filmsandwiched therebetween.

A method of adapting a lens for use in a wearable heads-up display maybe summarized as including: providing a lens having a concave surface;and applying a photopolymer film to the concave surface of the lens,wherein the photopolymer film adopts a concave curvature at leastapproximately equal to a curvature of the concave surface of the lens.Applying a photopolymer film to the concave surface of the lens mayinclude: providing the photopolymer film; applying an optical adhesiveto at least one surface selected from a group consisting of: the concavesurface of the lens and a surface of the photopolymer film; pressing theconcave surface of the lens and the surface of the photopolymer filmtogether; and curing the optical adhesive. Pressing the concave surfaceof the lens and the surface of the photopolymer film together mayinclude warming the photopolymer film to a temperature below about 80degrees Celsius.

Applying the photopolymer film to the concave surface of the lens mayinclude: applying the photopolymer film to a surface of a carrier;curving the carrier to provide a concave curvature that at leastapproximately matches the concave surface of the lens; applying anoptical adhesive to at least one surface selected from a groupconsisting of: the concave surface of the lens, a surface of thephotopolymer film, and a surface of the carrier; pressing the concavesurface of the lens and the carrier, with the photopolymer film thereon,together to sandwich the optical adhesive; and curing the opticaladhesive. Curving the carrier, with the photopolymer film thereon, mayinclude: warming the photopolymer film to a temperature below about 80degrees Celsius; and pressing the carrier, with the photopolymer filmthereon, over a curved surface, the curved surface having a curvaturethat at least approximately matches or mates with the concave surface ofthe lens. The method may further include removing the carrier.

Applying a photopolymer film to the concave surface of the lens mayinclude depositing the photopolymer film directly on the concave surfaceof the lens by at least one thin film deposition technique selected froma group consisting of: spin-coating, dip-coating, and vacuum deposition.The method may further include applying an eyeglass prescription to thelens before applying the photopolymer film to the concave surface of thelens. The method may further include recording a hologram into thephotopolymer film before applying the photopolymer film to the concavesurface of the lens, wherein the hologram compensates for an opticaleffect of the lens. The method may further include recording a holograminto the photopolymer film after applying the photopolymer film to theconcave surface of the lens, wherein: applying a photopolymer film tothe concave surface of the lens is performed in a dark environment.

A lens for use in a wearable heads-up display may be summarized ashaving been prepared by a process comprising the acts of: providing alens having a concave surface; and applying a photopolymer film to theconcave surface of the lens, wherein the photopolymer film adopts aconcave curvature at least approximately equal to a curvature of theconcave surface of the lens.

A method of adapting a lens for use in a wearable heads-up display maybe summarized as including: providing a lens having a concave surface;applying a photopolymer film to a planar carrier, wherein the planarcarrier is optically transparent; and affixing at least two points ofthe planar carrier to at least two respective points on the concavesurface of the lens, the at least two points of the planar carrier atopposite ends of at least a portion of a length of the planar carrier.Affixing at least two points of the planar carrier to at least tworespective points on the concave surface of the lens may define a cavityin between the concave surface of the lens and the planar carrier.Affixing at least two points of the planar carrier to at least tworespective points on the concave surface of the lens may includeadhering at least two points of the planar carrier to at least tworespective points on the concave surface of the lens using an opticaladhesive. The method may further include applying an eyeglassprescription to the lens before affixing the at least two points of theplanar carrier to the at least two respective points on the concavesurface of the lens. The method may further include recording a holograminto the photopolymer film before affixing the at least two points ofthe planar carrier to the at least two respective points on the concavesurface of the lens, wherein the hologram compensates for at least oneof an optical effect of the lens and/or a curvature of the photopolymerfilm. The method may further include recording a hologram into thephotopolymer film after affixing the at least two points of the planarcarrier to the at least two respective points on the concave surface ofthe lens, wherein: applying the photopolymer film to the planar carrier;and affixing at least two points of the planar carrier to at least tworespective points on the concave surface of the lens, are both performedin a dark environment.

The method may further include: forming a recess in the concave surfaceof the lens; and positioning the planar carrier, with the photopolymerfilm applied thereto, within the recess. In this case, affixing at leasttwo points of the planar carrier to at least two respective points onthe concave surface of the lens may include affixing the planar carrierwithin the recess in the concave surface of the lens.

A lens for use in a wearable heads-up display may be summarized ashaving been prepared by a process comprising the acts of: providing alens having a concave surface; applying a photopolymer film to a planarcarrier, wherein the planar carrier is optically transparent; andaffixing at least two points of the planar carrier to at least tworespective points on the concave surface of the lens, the at least twopoints of the planar carrier at opposite ends of at least a portion of alength of the planar carrier.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS

In the drawings, identical reference numbers identify similar elementsor acts. The sizes and relative positions of elements in the drawingsare not necessarily drawn to scale. For example, the shapes of variouselements and angles are not necessarily drawn to scale, and some ofthese elements are arbitrarily enlarged and positioned to improvedrawing legibility. Further, the particular shapes of the elements asdrawn are not necessarily intended to convey any information regardingthe actual shape of the particular elements, and have been solelyselected for ease of recognition in the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an eyeglass lens with aphotopolymer film integrated therewith in accordance with the presentsystems, articles, and methods.

FIG. 2 is a flow-diagram showing an exemplary method of manufacturing alens for use in a wearable heads-up display in accordance with thepresent systems, articles, and methods.

FIG. 3 is a sectional view showing a lens for use in a wearable heads-updisplay, the lens having been manufactured or prepared by animplementation of the method from FIG. 2.

FIG. 4 is a flow-diagram showing an exemplary method of manufacturing alens for use in a wearable heads-up display in accordance with thepresent systems, articles, and methods.

FIG. 5 is a sectional view showing a lens for use in a wearable heads-updisplay, the lens having been manufactured or prepared by animplementation of the method from FIG. 4.

FIG. 6 is a flow-diagram showing an exemplary method of adapting a lensfor use in a wearable heads-up display in accordance with the presentsystems, articles, and methods.

FIG. 7 is a sectional view showing an adapted lens for use in a wearableheads-up display, the lens having been adapted or prepared by animplementation of the method from FIG. 6.

FIG. 8 is a flow-diagram showing an exemplary method of adapting a lensfor use in a wearable heads-up display in accordance with the presentsystems, articles, and methods.

FIG. 9 is a sectional view showing an adapted lens for use in a wearableheads-up display, the lens having been adapted or prepared by animplementation of the method from FIG. 8.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

In the following description, certain specific details are set forth inorder to provide a thorough understanding of various disclosedembodiments. However, one skilled in the relevant art will recognizethat embodiments may be practiced without one or more of these specificdetails, or with other methods, components, materials, etc. In otherinstances, well-known structures associated with eyeglass lenses andhead-worn devices, have not been shown or described in detail to avoidunnecessarily obscuring descriptions of the embodiments.

Unless the context requires otherwise, throughout the specification andclaims which follow, the word “comprise” and variations thereof, suchas, “comprises” and “comprising” are to be construed in an open,inclusive sense, that is as “including, but not limited to.”

Reference throughout this specification to “one embodiment” or “anembodiment” means that a particular feature, structures, orcharacteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or moreembodiments.

As used in this specification and the appended claims, the singularforms “a,” “an,” and “the” include plural referents unless the contentclearly dictates otherwise. It should also be noted that the term “or”is generally employed in its broadest sense, that is as meaning “and/or”unless the content clearly dictates otherwise.

The headings and Abstract of the Disclosure provided herein are forconvenience only and do not interpret the scope or meaning of theembodiments.

The various embodiments described herein provide systems, articles, andmethods that integrate photopolymer film with an eyeglass lens. Suchenable a holographic optical element (“HOE”) to be provided with theform factor and rigidity of an eyeglass lens (optionally with or withouta prescription applied to the lens) and are particularly well-suited foruse as transparent combiners in wearable heads-up displays (“WHUDs”)that make use of a near-eye HOE. Examples of WHUD architectures that mayemploy the present systems, articles, and methods for eyeglass lenseswith integrated photopolymer film include, without limitation:

US Patent Application Publication US 2015-0205134 A1, U.S.Non-Provisional patent application Ser. No. 14/749,341 (now US PatentApplication Publication US 2015-0378164 A1), U.S. Provisional PatentApplication Serial No. 62/117,316 (now US Patent Application PublicationUS 2016-0238845 A1 and U.S. Non-Provisional patent application Ser. Nos.15/046,234 and 15/046,254), U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No.62/134,347 (now U.S. Non-Provisional patent application Ser. No.15/070,887), U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/156,736(now U.S. Non-Provisional patent application Ser. Nos. 15/145,576,15/145,609, and 15/145,583), and Provisional Patent Application Ser. No.62/167,767 (now U.S. Non-Provisional patent application Ser. Nos.15/167,458, 15/167,472, and 15/167,484). The systems, articles, andmethods described herein are advantageous for use in WHUD architecturesthat employ a near-eye HOE (such as those referenced above) because theyenable aesthetically-appealing lens designs that are capable ofproviding high-quality images to the user without limiting the user'sability to see their external environment. In some implementations, aWHUD that includes a near-eye HOE may be referred to as a holographicdisplay based on the inclusion of at least one HOE in the optical pathof the display, independent of whether or not the display is operable todisplay three-dimensional content.

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an eyeglass lens 100 with aphotopolymer film 110 integrated therewith in accordance with thepresent systems, articles, and methods. Photopolymer film 110 isembedded within (i.e., as an inner layer sandwiched between orencapsulated by lens material) an inner volume of lens 100 in accordancewith an implementation of the present systems, articles, and methods,though in alternative implementations photopolymer film 110 may becarried by an outer surface of lens 100.

Eyeglass lens 100 is particularly well-suited for use in a WHUD thatimplements a near-eye HOE. One or more holograms may be recorded intophotopolymer film 110 (either before or after photopolymer film 110 isembedded in lens 100 as discussed in more detail later on) and used to,for example, (re)direct light corresponding to one or more virtualimage(s) into the user's field of view. The light may originate from animage source, such as a microdisplay or a scanning laser projector.Throughout this specification, exemplary processes by which photopolymerfilm 110 may be integrated with (i.e., in or on) lens 100, and thecorresponding product(s) produced by such processes, are described.

FIG. 2 is a flow-diagram showing an exemplary method 200 ofmanufacturing a lens for use in a WHUD in accordance with the presentsystems, articles, and methods. Method 200 includes four acts 201, 202,203, and 204, though those of skill in the art will appreciate that inalternative embodiments certain acts may be omitted and/or additionalacts may be added. Those of skill in the art will also appreciate thatthe illustrated order of the acts is shown for exemplary purposes onlyand may change in alternative embodiments.

Method 200 includes a molding process and produces a molded lens withphotopolymer film embedded therein.

At 201, a lens mold is provided. The lens mold has a cavity (i.e., ahollow inner volume) that is the size and geometry of an eyeglass lens.The size and geometry of the cavity may be at least approximatelysimilar to that of an eyeglass lens “blank” to allow one or moreportion(s) of the surface(s) of the molded lens produced by method 200to be reshaped (e.g., by etching or grinding away lens material) inorder to optionally apply a prescription to the resulting molded lens.Alternatively, the lens mold cavity itself may be sized and dimensionedto impart a specific prescription curvature on either or both surfacesof the lens. The lens mold may be formed of a single piece of materialwith the cavity therein or multiple pieces (e.g., two halves, two ormore portions) of material that are coupled together to form the cavitytherebetween.

Throughout this specification and the appended claims, the phrase “atleast approximately” is often used, in particular in relation to thesize, dimensions, and/or geometry of a cavity in a lens mold. A personof skill in the art of injection molding will understand that a formthat is manufactured by a molding process generally adopts the samesize, dimensions, and geometry of the mold cavity in which it is formed;however, slight discrepancies and/or variations can arise in the moldingprocess that may cause the size, dimensions, and/or geometry of a moldedform to differ slightly from the size, dimensions, and/or geometry ofthe mold cavity in which it is formed. In particular, some curingprocesses can cause a molded shape to shrink or expand (generally lessthan 10% in the lens industry). For these reasons, throughout thisspecification and the appended claims, the phrase “at leastapproximately” is generally used to mean “within 10%.”

At 202, a photopolymer film is positioned within the cavity of the lensmold. The photopolymer film may be held substantially planar within thelens mold or, advantageously, a curvature may be applied to thephotopolymer film before/while it is positioned within the cavity of thelens mold. The curvature applied to the photopolymer film may, forexample, at least approximately match the curvature of one or both innerfaces of the lens mold so that the photopolymer film will ultimatelyhave a curvature that at least approximately matches that of thecorresponding surface(s) of the molded lens produced by method 200.Curvature may be applied using conventional techniques forforming/shaping film, for example, by applying heat combined with eithertargeted air flow (e.g., a pressure differential) or a forming shape,such as a forming mold. Depending on the specific implementation, thephotopolymer film may be formed/shaped to embody any form of curvature,including without limitation: a uniform curvature, a variable curvature,or one or more curved section(s) separated by one or more flatsection(s). The preferred form or shape of the photopolymer film maydepend on the curvature of the lens and/or on the properties of thehologram(s) to be (or already) recorded into the photopolymer film.

Optionally, a bonding agent or a bonding process be applied to at leastone surface of the photopolymer film before/while the photopolymer filmis positioned within the cavity of the lens mold. Exemplary bondingagents that would be suitable include optical adhesive or film primer,while an example of a bonding process that would be suitable includes asurface energy altering technique such as plasma activation. Inparticular, adhesion between the lens material and the photopolymer filmmay advantageously be designed to comply regulations (e.g., a “balldrop” test, accelerated weathering, and the like) governing eyeglasslenses, including prescription eyeglass lenses.

At 203, a lens-forming fluid (e.g., polycarbonate, CR-39, Hivex®,Trivex®, or the like) is cast into the cavity (e.g., via at least oneinjection port). Advantageously, the lens-forming fluid may completelyfill the cavity and completely envelope, encompass, or sandwich thephotopolymer film. To enable any gas (e.g., air) within the cavity toescape during filling by the lens-forming liquid, the cavity may includeat least one vent port. When the cavity is first filled withlens-forming fluid but the lens-forming fluid remains uncured, thelens-forming fluid may adopt a size, the dimensions, and a geometry thatare at least approximately equal to (i.e., within 1%) the size,dimensions, and geometry of the cavity in the lens mold or a nominal orspecified size, dimension and/or geometry.

At 204, the lens-forming fluid is cured within the cavity to form a lenshaving the photopolymer film embedded therein (e.g., lens 100 withphotopolymer film 110 embedded therein as shown in FIG. 1). The moldedlens produced by method 200 has dimensions and/or geometry at leastapproximately equal to those of the cavity of the lens mold. Dependingon the lens-forming fluid used, the curing process may involve a rangeof different mechanisms, including without limitation: exposure to UVlight, exposure to heat/cold, drying by exposure to circulating gas(es),addition of one or more chemical curing agent(s) (e.g., stiffener orhardening agent), and/or passage of time.

Acts 201, 202, 203, and 204 provide a molded lens having a photopolymerfilm embedded therein, and such a lens may be used in a WHUD. In orderto use such a lens in a WHUD, at least one corresponding hologram needsto be recorded into the photopolymer film. In accordance with thepresent systems, articles, and methods, one or more hologram(s) may berecorded into the photopolymer film (and accordingly method 200 mayinclude recording one or more hologram(s) into the photopolymer film)either before or after the photopolymer film is embedded in the lens.

Prior to a hologram being recorded therein, the photopolymer filmscontemplated herein are necessarily photosensitive. Furthermore, whilein the “unrecorded” state, photopolymer film may be sensitive to hightemperatures (e.g., temperature of about 80° C. and above). Thus, ifmethod 200 further includes recording a hologram into the photopolymerfilm embedded in the lens after curing the lens-forming fluid within thecavity to form the lens (i.e., after act 204), then at least acts 202,203, and 204 of method 200 should advantageously be performed in a darkenvironment and at temperatures below about 80° C. in order to preservethe photosensitivity of the photopolymer film. For the purposes of thepresent systems, articles, and methods, the term “dark environment” isgenerally used to refer to an environment in which care has been takento reduce and limit the presence of “light” (or, more generally,wavelengths of energy) to which the photopolymer is photosensitive. Aperson of skill in the art will appreciate that the level of darkness(i.e., ranging from “dimly lit” in which some light is still present to“pitch black” in which no light is present) required depends on both thespecific photopolymer being used and the length of time that thephotopolymer will be subjected to any light. Generally, the longer thephotopolymer will be exposed to light the dimmer the light should be, inorder to preserve the photosensitivity of unrecorded photopolymer.

After a hologram has been recorded therein, the photopolymer filmscontemplated herein are typically no longer photosensitive. Thus, thenecessary hologram(s) may be recorded in the photopolymer film prior toacts 202, 203, and 204 of method 200 in order to remove the need toperform acts 202, 203, and 204 in a dark environment. Furthermore, thetemperature sensitivity of a photopolymer film may change after ahologram has been recorded therein, enabling acts 202, 203, and/or 204to be performed at higher temperatures (e.g., greater than 80° C. and upto about 100° C. to 120° C., depending on the specific implementationand the length of time for which the photopolymer film will remain atthat temperature).

Optionally, method 200 may be extended to provide a prescriptioneyeglass lens for use in a WHUD. An eyeglass prescription may be appliedto the lens after curing the lens-forming fluid within the cavity toform the lens per act 204. As described above, if a hologram has notalready been recorded in the photopolymer film then the eyeglassprescription will need to be applied by, for example, reshaping thecurvature of at least one surface of the lens in a dark environment inorder to protect the photosensitivity of the photopolymer. Conversely,if a hologram is recorded in the photopolymer film prior to applying aneyeglass prescription to the lens, the prescription may be appliedoutside of a dark environment (i.e., in a well-lit room) but a newchallenge arises: the prescription imbued in the lens may alter theincoming/outgoing properties of light impingent on and/or redirected bythe hologram. Thus, if a hologram is recorded into the photopolymerbefore acts 202, 203, and 204 of method 200 are performed and aneyeglass prescription is going to be applied to the lens, then detailsof the eyeglass prescription may be established in advance and thehologram itself may be designed to accommodate or compensate for theeyeglass prescription. More generally, even if an eyeglass prescriptionis not going to be applied to the lens, the hologram may still bedesigned to accommodate and/or compensate for an optical effect of thelens and/or an optical effect of the curvature of the hologram itselfwhen integrated with the lens.

Once a molded lens having photopolymer film embedded therein is producedvia method 200, the lens may advantageously be annealed to removeinternal stresses. Conventional molded lenses are typically annealed ata relatively hot temperature (e.g., greater than 100° C., such as 120°C. or more) for a relatively short time (e.g., on the order of minutes,such as 1 minute, 5 minutes, 10 minutes, or 15 minutes); however, asdescribed above, prolonged exposure to such high temperatures can damagephotopolymer film. In accordance with the present systems, articles, andmethods, a molded lens having photopolymer film embedded therein (e.g.,a lens manufactured by an implementation of method 200) mayadvantageously be annealed at a relatively low temperature (e.g., under100° C., such as 90° C. or less) for a relatively long time (e.g., about30 minutes or more, such as 45 minutes, an hour, 75 minutes, and so on).Annealing at a lower temperature (though still at a deliberately heatedtemperature above at least about 50° C.) specifically accommodates thetemperature-sensitivity of the photopolymer film embedded in the moldedlens and reduces the likelihood that the film will be damaged during theannealing.

FIG. 3 is a sectional view showing a lens 300 for use in a WHUD, lens300 having been manufactured or prepared by an implementation of method200. That is, FIG. 3 shows a lens 300 resulting from the acts of:providing a lens mold having a cavity; optionally shaping/forming thephotopolymer film; positioning a photopolymer film within the cavity ofthe lens mold; casting a lens-forming fluid into the cavity; and curingthe lens-forming fluid within the cavity to form a lens having thephotopolymer film embedded therein, the lens having dimensions and/orgeometry at least approximately equal to the cavity. Lens 300 includes aphotopolymer film 310 completely encompassed by lens material 311,though in alternative implementations one or more portion(s) ofphotopolymer film may reach or even protrude from the perimeter of lens300.

In the illustrated example of lens 300, photopolymer film 310 is notlocated in the center of lens material 311. Rather, photopolymer film310 is positioned most proximate (e.g., a close as possible while stillallowing the lens-forming fluid to flow and fill the entire cavity), andis formed to embody the same curvature as, the concave or “eye-facing”surface of lens 300. In use in a scanning laser-based WHUD, laser lightmay impinge on this surface of lens 300 and transmit through lensmaterial 311 to impinge on photopolymer film 310. One or morehologram(s) in photopolymer film 310 may then redirect the laser lightback towards an eye of the user. Thus, along this optical path, thelaser light (i.e., the “projected display light”) refracts as it enterslens material 311, travels through lens material 311, redirects (e.g.,reflects, diffracts) from photopolymer film 310, travels through lensmaterial 311, and then refracts again as it leaves lens material 311.The refractions at lens material 311 can ultimately shift the trajectoryof the projected display light, and the amount of this shift may dependon the distance the projected display light travels within lens material311. In accordance with the present systems, articles, and methods, itcan be advantageous for a photopolymer film embedded in a lens (i.e.,surrounded by lens material) to be positioned proximate (e.g., as closeas reasonably possible) to the in-coupling/out-coupling surface of thelens (in-coupling/out-coupling with respect to projected display light)in order to reduce (e.g., minimize) the amount of lens material 311 inthe optical path of the projected display light and thereby reduce(e.g., minimize) refractive effects of the lens material. Furthermore,at the point of out-coupling from the lens material 311, at least aportion of the projected display light may be reflected back inwardtowards photopolymer film 310, from which that portion of the projecteddisplay light may again be redirected towards the eye of the user andundesirably produce a replication or “ghosting” effect in the projecteddisplay content. The positioning of photopolymer film 310 off-center andproximate the concave or “eye-facing” surface of lens 300 (i.e.,relatively more distant from the convex or “outward-facing” surface oflens 300) as illustrated in FIG. 3 can advantageously reduce suchghosting effects.

As an alternative to a mold/casting process to integrate photopolymerfilm with an eyeglass lens, a photopolymer film may be sandwiched inbetween two or more respective portions of lens material, for exampleusing a lamination process. FIG. 4 is a flow-diagram showing anexemplary method 400 of manufacturing a lens for use in a WHUD inaccordance with the present systems, articles, and methods. Method 400includes six acts 401, 402, 403, 404, 405, and 406, though those ofskill in the art will appreciate that in alternative embodiments certainacts may be omitted and/or additional acts may be added. Those of skillin the art will also appreciate that the illustrated order of the actsis shown for exemplary purposes only and may change in alternativeembodiments.

At 401, a front half portion of a lens is provided. The front halfportion of the lens includes the surface of the lens that will beoutward-facing when the lens is incorporated into a WHUD frame and wornon the head of a user.

At 402, a rear half portion of the lens is provided. The rear halfportion of the lens includes the surface of the lens that will beinward-facing (i.e., most proximate the eye of the user) when the lensis incorporated into a WHUD frame and worn on the head of the user.While the integration of the photopolymer film with the lens does notinvolve a molding/casting process in method 400, a person of skill inthe art will appreciate that either or both of the front half portion ofthe lens and/or the rear half portion of the lens may, prior to method400, be formed by a molding/casting process.

At 403, a photopolymer film is provided. The photopolymer film may beunrecorded or recorded (i.e., the photopolymer film may already includea hologram recorded therein/thereon or the photopolymer film may not yetinclude a hologram recorded therein/thereon).

At 404, an optical adhesive (or other bonding agent or bonding process,as previously described) is applied to at least one of (i.e., at leastone surface selected from a group consisting of): a surface of the fronthalf portion of the lens (i.e., the surface of the front half portion ofthe lens that is opposite the surface of the front half portion of thelens that will be outward-facing when the lens is incorporated into aWHUD frame and worn on the head of a user), a surface of the rear halfportion of the lens (i.e., the surface of the rear half portion of thelens that is opposite the surface of the rear half portion of the lensthat will be inward-facing when the lens is incorporated into a WHUDframe and worn on the head of a user), and/or a surface of thephotopolymer film. Throughout this specification and the appendedclaims, the term “optical adhesive” refers to an adhesive that is orbecomes optically transparent when cured, such as (for example) Norland®Optical Adhesive.

At 405, the photopolymer film is positioned in between the front halfportion of the lens and the rear half portion of the lens. Equivalently,the front half portion of the lens and the rear half portion of the lensmay respectively be positioned on opposite sides of the photopolymerfilm to result in the photopolymer film being positioned in between thefront half portion of the lens and the rear half portion of the lens. Insome implementations, a curvature may be applied to the photopolymerfilm before or during act 405 (and either before or after act 404). Asbefore, curvature may be applied using conventional techniques forforming/shaping film, for example, by applying heat and targeted airflow (e.g., a pressure differential).

At 406, the front half portion of the lens and the rear half portion ofthe lens are pressed together with the photopolymer film sandwiched inbetween. During or after this pressing, the optical adhesive from act403 may be cured. “Pressing the front half portion of the lens and therear half portion of the lens together” includes pressing the front halfportion of the lens against the rear half portion of the lens and/orpressing the rear half portion of the lens against the front halfportion of the lens. In some implementations, the optical adhesive maybe pressure-sensitive and cured by the pressing of act 406. In otherimplementations, the optical adhesive may be cured by other means, suchas by exposure to ultraviolet light.

As previously described, one or more hologram(s) may be recordedinto/onto the photopolymer either before or after the photopolymer isintegrated with the lens. If the hologram(s) is/are recorded before thephotopolymer film is integrated with the lens (i.e., before at least act405 of method 400), then the hologram(s) may be designed to accommodateand/or compensate for at least one optical effect introduced by at leastone of the front half portion of the lens and/or the rear half portionof the lens, or by the curvature of the hologram itself when integratedwith the lens. If the hologram(s) is/are recorded after the photopolymerfilm is integrated with the lens (i.e., after act 406 of method 400),then the photopolymer film is highly photosensitive throughout theintegration process (i.e., throughout method 400) and, accordingly, atleast acts 403, 405, and 406 (as well as act 404 if the optical adhesiveis applied to a surface of the photopolymer film) should be performed ina dark environment.

As also previously described, an eyeglass prescription may be added tothe lens after the photopolymer has been integrated with the lens. Inthis case, method 400 may be extended to include applying an eyeglassprescription to at least one of the front half portion of the lensand/or the rear half portion of the lens after act 406.

FIG. 5 is a sectional view showing a lens 500 for use in a WHUD, lens500 having been manufactured or prepared by an implementation of method400. That is, FIG. 5 shows a lens 500 resulting from the acts of:providing a front half portion of a lens; providing a rear half portionof the lens; providing a photopolymer film; applying an optical adhesive(or other bonding agent or bonding process) to at least one of (i.e., atleast one surface selected from a group consisting of): a surface of thefront half portion of the lens, a surface of a rear half portion of thelens, and a surface of the photopolymer film; positioning thephotopolymer film in between the front half portion of the lens and therear half portion of the lens; and pressing the front half portion ofthe lens and the rear half portion of the lens together with thephotopolymer film sandwiched therebetween. Similar to lens 300 from FIG.3 (prepared by an implementation of method 200), lens 500 includes aphotopolymer film 510 completely encompassed by lens material 511,though in alternative implementations one or more portion(s) ofphotopolymer film may reach or even protrude from the perimeter of lens500. However, because method 500 involves pressing (per act 406) twoseparate halves of a lens together with photopolymer film 510 positioned(per act 405) therebetween, lens 500 also includes an interface 530between the front half portion 521 of the lens 500 and the rear halfportion 522 of the lens 500, whereas the molding approach of method 200does not produce a similar interface in the volume of lens 300 shown inFIG. 3.

As an alternative to integrating photopolymer film with a lens byembedding the photopolymer film within the inner volume of the lens (permethod 200 and/or method 400), photopolymer film maybe integrated with alens by affixing or laminating the photopolymer film to an outer surfaceof the lens. In other words, an existing lens may be adapted for use ina WHUD by applying photopolymer film to the lens.

FIG. 6 is a flow-diagram showing an exemplary method 600 of adapting alens for use in a WHUD in accordance with the present systems, articles,and methods. Method 600 includes two acts 601 and 602, though those ofskill in the art will appreciate that in alternative embodiments certainacts may be omitted and/or additional acts may be added. Those of skillin the art will also appreciate that the illustrated order of the actsis shown for exemplary purposes only and may change in alternativeembodiments.

At 601, a lens having a concave surface is provided. Similar to lenses100, 300, and 500, the concave surface may correspond to the“inward-facing” surface of the lens (i.e., the surface of the lens thatis most proximate the eye of the user) when the lens is incorporatedinto a WHUD and worn on the head of a user.

At 602, a photopolymer film is applied to the concave surface of thelens. The photopolymer film adopts a concave curvature at leastapproximately equal to a curvature of the concave surface of the lens.In some implementations, the photopolymer film may adopt the concavecurvature as it is applied (i.e., by virtue of being applied) to theconcave surface of the lens, whereas in other implementations thephotopolymer film may be shaped/formed to adopt the concave curvaturebefore it is applied to the concave surface of the lens. Threetechniques for applying the photopolymer film to the concave surface ofthe lens are now described.

In a first implementation of method 600, act 602 of method 600 mayinclude: providing the photopolymer film; applying an optical adhesive(or other bonding agent or bonding process) to at least one of theconcave surface of the lens and/or a surface of the photopolymer film;pressing the concave surface of the lens and the surface of thephotopolymer film together; and curing the optical adhesive. Asdescribed previously, pressing the concave surface of the lens and thesurface of the photopolymer film together may include pressing theconcave surface of the lens against the surface of the photopolymer filmand/or pressing the surface of the photopolymer film against the concavesurface of the lens. In some implementations, a curved object (i.e., acurved press) may be used to directly press the surfaces together in adirection perpendicular to the interface of the lens and film, whereasin other implementations one or more roller(s) may be used topress/laminate across the interface of the lens and film. Pressing theconcave surface of the lens and the surface of the photopolymer filmtogether may include warming the photopolymer film. As describedpreviously, if a hologram has already been recorded into thephotopolymer then the photopolymer may be warmed to a relatively hightemperature (e.g., up to about 200° C.), whereas if a hologram has notyet been recorded into the photopolymer then warming during pressingshould be limited to under about 80° C. (where the term “about” in thisspecification generally means within 15%).

Curing the optical adhesive may include any or all of: exposure to UVlight, exposure to heat/cold, drying by exposure to circulating gas(es),addition of one or more chemical curing agent(s) (e.g., stiffener orhardening agent), and/or passage of time.

In a second implementation of method 600, act 602 of method 600 mayinclude: applying the photopolymer film to a surface of a carrier;curving the carrier to provide a concave curvature that at leastapproximately matches the concave surface of the lens; applying anoptical adhesive (or other bonding agent or bonding process) to at leastone of: the concave surface of the lens, a surface of the photopolymerfilm, and a surface of the carrier; pressing the concave surface of thelens and the carrier, with the photopolymer film thereon, together tosandwich the optical adhesive; and curing the optical adhesive. Ifdesired (and feasible, provided the carrier surface is an exposedsurface after the adhesion is complete), the carrier may be removed(e.g., etched, peeled away, or similar) after the photopolymer film hasbeen adhered to the concave surface of the lens. Curving the carrier mayinclude, for example, warming the photopolymer film (i.e., to atemperature below about 80° C. if unrecorded, or to a temperature belowabout 200° C. if recorded); and pressing the carrier, with thephotopolymer film thereon, over a curved surface, the curved surfacehaving a curvature that at least approximately matches or mates with theconcave surface of the lens.

In a third implementation of method 600, act 602 of method 600 mayinclude: depositing the photopolymer film directly on the concavesurface of the lens by at least one thin film deposition technique.Exemplary thin film deposition techniques that may be suitable for thisapplication include, without limitation: spin-coating, dip-coating,and/or vacuum deposition.

In methods 200 and 400, the photopolymer film is integrated with thelens during the formation of the lens itself. Accordingly, for methods200 and 400, if an eyeglass prescription is desired then the eyeglassprescription is added/applied to the lens after the photopolymer film isintegrated therewith. Conversely, in method 600 an existing lens isadapted for use in a WHUD by affixing a photopolymer film thereon.Accordingly, an eyeglass prescription (if desired) may be applied to thelens before act 602 of method 600 (i.e., before the photopolymer film isapplied to the concave surface of the lens).

As previously described, one or more hologram(s) may be recordedinto/onto the photopolymer either before or after the photopolymer isintegrated with the lens. If the hologram(s) is/are recorded before thephotopolymer film is integrated with the lens (i.e., before at least act602 of method 600), then the hologram(s) may be designed to accommodateand/or compensate for an optical effect of the lens and/or an opticaleffect of the curvature of the hologram itself. If the hologram(s)is/are recorded after the photopolymer film is integrated with the lens(i.e., after act 602 of method 600), then the photopolymer film ishighly photosensitive throughout the integration process (i.e.,throughout method 600) and, accordingly, at least act 602 should beperformed in a dark environment.

FIG. 7 is a sectional view showing an adapted lens 700 for use in aWHUD, lens 700 having been adapted or prepared by an implementation ofmethod 600. That is, FIG. 7 shows an adapted lens 700 resulting from theacts of: providing a lens 711 having a concave surface 720; and applyinga photopolymer film 710 to concave surface 720 of lens 711, whereinphotopolymer film 710 adopts a concave curvature (represented by thedouble-arrow in FIG. 7) at least approximately equal to the curvature ofconcave surface 720 of lens 711.

Methods 200, 400, and 600 (and consequently lenses 300, 500, and 700)all may involve applying a curvature to the photopolymer film, orgenerally ending up with a curved photopolymer film. In practice, in canbe very difficult to design a hologram for use on a curved surface.Either the hologram must be recorded on the curved surface of thephotopolymer (which adds significant complexity to the holographyprocess) or the hologram may be recorded while the photopolymer isflat/planar but the hologram itself must accommodate/compensatefor/anticipate the curvature that will subsequently be applied to thephotopolymer (which adds significant complexity to the hologramdefinition). To avoid the issue of curved photopolymer, the presentsystems, articles, and methods include adapted eyeglass lenses that areintegrated with a planar photopolymer.

FIG. 8 is a flow-diagram showing an exemplary method 800 of adapting alens for use in a WHUD in accordance with the present systems, articles,and methods. Method 800 includes three acts 801, 802, and 803, thoughthose of skill in the art will appreciate that in alternativeembodiments certain acts may be omitted and/or additional acts may beadded. Those of skill in the art will also appreciate that theillustrated order of the acts is shown for exemplary purposes only andmay change in alternative embodiments.

At 801, a lens having a concave surface is provided, similar to act 601from method 600. The concave surface may correspond to the“inward-facing” surface of the lens (i.e., the surface of the lens thatis most proximate the eye of the user) when the lens is incorporatedinto a WHUD and worn on the head of a user.

At 802, a photopolymer film is applied to a planar carrier. The planarcarrier is optically transparent and may be substantially rigid.Applying the photopolymer film to the planar carrier may includeadhering the photopolymer film to the planar carrier using a bondingagent, such as an optical adhesive, or using a thin film depositiontechnique (such as spin-coating, dip-coating, or vacuum deposition) todirectly deposit the photopolymer film on a surface of the planarcarrier. Act 602 produces a structure similar to a transparent slidewith a film of photopolymer carried on a surface thereof.

At 803, at least two points of the planar carrier are affixed to atleast two respective points on the concave surface of the lens. The atleast two points of the planar carrier may be at opposite ends of atleast a portion of a length of the planar carrier. The at least twopoints of the planar carrier may be two lines that span the width of theplanar carrier. The at least two points on the carrier may be two edgesof the planar carrier at opposite ends of the length of the planarcarrier (e.g., the two short edges of a rectangle, if the planar carrierhas a rectangular geometry). In some implementations, the entireperimeter of the planar carrier may be affixed to the concave surface ofthe lens (e.g., if the planar carrier has a curved geometry).

Because the carrier is planar and it is affixed (at 803) to at least twopoints on the concave surface of the lens, the carrier spans straightacross the concave surface of the lens to define a cavity in between theconcave surface of the lens and the planar carrier. Affixing at leasttwo points of the planar carrier to at least two respective points onthe concave surface of the lens at 803 may include adhering at least twopoints of the planar carrier to at least two respective points on theconcave surface of the lens using a bonding agent, such as an opticaladhesive. In some implementations, method 800 may include, in betweenacts 802 and 803, cutting or etching or otherwise forming a recess inthe concave surface of the lens, the recess being sized and dimensionedto receive the planar carrier upon which the photopolymer film iscarried. In such implementations, affixing at least two points of theplanar carrier to at least two respective points on the concave surfaceof the lens may include: i) positioning the planar carrier within therecess in the concave surface of the lens, and ii) affixing the planarcarrier within the recess in the concave surface of the lens via abonding agent and/or a bonding process. Optionally, method 800 may thenalso be extended to include overmolding or otherwise filling anyremaining volume of the recess with lens material to restore a smooth(and optionally concave) surface on the lens where the recess wascut/etched.

Similar to method 600, in method 800 an existing lens is adapted for usein a WHUD by affixing a photopolymer film thereto (at 803). Accordingly,an eyeglass prescription (if desired) may be applied to the lens beforeact 803 of method 800 (i.e., before the at least two points of theplanar carrier are affixed to at least two respective points on theconcave surface of the lens).

As previously described, one or more hologram(s) may be recordedinto/onto the photopolymer either before or after the photopolymer isintegrated with the lens. If the hologram(s) is/are recorded before thephotopolymer film is integrated with the lens (i.e., before at least act803 of method 800), then the hologram(s) may be designed to accommodateand/or compensate for an optical effect of the lens. If the hologram(s)is/are recorded after the photopolymer film is integrated with the lens(i.e., after act 803 of method 800), then the photopolymer film ishighly photosensitive throughout the integration process (i.e.,throughout method 800) and, accordingly, at least acts 802 and 803should be performed in a dark environment.

FIG. 9 is a sectional view showing an adapted lens 900 for use in aWHUD, lens 900 having been adapted or prepared by an implementation ofmethod 800. That is, FIG. 9 shows an adapted lens 900 resulting from theacts of: providing a lens 911 having a concave surface 920; applying aphotopolymer film 910 to a planar carrier 930, wherein planar carrier930 is optically transparent; and affixing at least two points 931, 932of planar carrier 930 to at least two respective points 921, 922 onconcave surface 920 of lens 911, the at least two points 931, 932 ofplanar carrier 930 at opposite ends of at least a portion of a length ofplanar carrier 930.

In methods/applications involving a carrier, photopolymer may be boundto the carrier using a lamination process.

Any number of various coatings may be applied to either or both surfacesof any of the lenses (e.g., lens 100, lens 300, les 500, les 700, and/orlens 900) described in the present systems, articles, and methods.Examples of such coatings include, without limitation, hard-coatings (toreduce susceptibility to scratches), anti-reflective coatings, and/orreflective coatings. To this end, each of the methods described herein(e.g., method 200, method 400, method 600, and/or method 800) may beextended to include the application of such coating(s).

In implementations for which photopolymer film is integrated with a lenswhile the film remains “unrecorded,” and for which one or morehologram(s) is/are recorded into the photopolymer film while thephotopolymer film is integrated with the lens, thermal expansion of thelens material itself may need to be accounted for during the hologramrecording process. The recording of a hologram in photopolymer filmtypically employs one or more lasers that, during recording, may heatthe lens material upon or within which the photopolymer film is carried,causing the lens material to expand according to its characteristiccoefficient of thermal expansion and thereby shifting a position of, orstretching, the photopolymer film itself. For this reason, a lensmaterial having a particularly low coefficient of thermal expansion(such as a glass material) can be advantageous in implementations forwhich one or more hologram(s) will be recorded into the photopolymerfilm after the photopolymer film is integrated with the lens.

Throughout this specification and the appended claims, infinitive verbforms are often used. Examples include, without limitation: “to detect,”“to provide,” “to transmit,” “to communicate,” “to process,” “to route,”and the like. Unless the specific context requires otherwise, suchinfinitive verb forms are used in an open, inclusive sense, that is as“to, at least, detect,” to, at least, provide,” “to, at least,transmit,” and so on.

The above description of illustrated embodiments, including what isdescribed in the Abstract, is not intended to be exhaustive or to limitthe embodiments to the precise forms disclosed. Although specificembodiments of and examples are described herein for illustrativepurposes, various equivalent modifications can be made without departingfrom the spirit and scope of the disclosure, as will be recognized bythose skilled in the relevant art. The teachings provided herein of thevarious embodiments can be applied to other portable and/or wearableelectronic devices, not necessarily the exemplary wearable electronicdevices generally described above.

For instance, the foregoing detailed description has set forth variousembodiments of the devices and/or processes via the use of blockdiagrams, schematics, and examples. Insofar as such block diagrams,schematics, and examples contain one or more functions and/oroperations, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that eachfunction and/or operation within such block diagrams, flowcharts, orexamples can be implemented, individually and/or collectively, by a widerange of hardware, software, firmware, or virtually any combinationthereof.

The various embodiments described above can be combined to providefurther embodiments. To the extent that they are not inconsistent withthe specific teachings and definitions herein, all of the U.S. patents,U.S. patent application publications, U.S. patent applications, foreignpatents, foreign patent applications and non-patent publicationsreferred to in this specification and/or listed in the Application DataSheet which are owned by Thalmic Labs Inc., including but not limitedto: U.S. Non-Provisional patent application Ser. No. 15/256,148, U.S.Non-Provisional patent application Ser. No. 15/796,209, U.S.Non-Provisional patent application Ser. No. 15/796,218, U.S.Non-Provisional patent application Ser. No. 15/796,223, U.S. ProvisionalPatent Application Ser. No. 62/214,600, US Patent ApplicationPublication US 2015-0205134 A1, U.S. Non-Provisional patent applicationSer. No. 14/749,341 (now US Patent Application Publication US2015-0378164 A1), U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No.62/117,316 (now US Patent Application Publication US 2016-0238845 A1 andU.S. Non-Provisional patent application Ser. Nos. 15/046,234 and15/046,254), U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/134,347(now U.S. Non-Provisional patent application Ser. No. 15/070,887), U.S.Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/156,736 (now U.S.Non-Provisional patent application Ser. Nos. 15/145,576, 15/145,609, and15/145,583), and U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/167,767(now U.S. Non-Provisional patent application Ser. Nos. 15/167,458,15/167,472, and 15/167,484), are incorporated herein by reference, intheir entirety. Aspects of the embodiments can be modified, ifnecessary, to employ systems, circuits and concepts of the variouspatents, applications and publications to provide yet furtherembodiments.

These and other changes can be made to the embodiments in light of theabove-detailed description. In general, in the following claims, theterms used should not be construed to limit the claims to the specificembodiments disclosed in the specification and the claims, but should beconstrued to include all possible embodiments along with the full scopeof equivalents to which such claims are entitled. Accordingly, theclaims are not limited by the disclosure.

1. A method of manufacturing a lens for use in a wearable heads-up display, the method comprising: providing a first portion of the lens; providing a photopolymer film; adhering a surface of the first portion of the lens and a first surface of the photopolymer film together by a first portion of optical adhesive; providing a second portion of the lens; adhering a surface of the second portion of the lens and a second surface of the photopolymer film together by a second portion of optical adhesive, the second surface of the photopolymer film opposite the first surface of the photopolymer film.
 2. The method of claim 1 wherein the first portion of the lens comprises a front half portion of the lens and the surface of the first portion of the lens is a concave surface, and wherein adhering a surface of the first portion of the lens and a first surface of the photopolymer film together by a first portion of optical adhesive includes adhering the concave surface of the first portion of the lens and the first surface of the photopolymer film together by the first portion of optical adhesive.
 3. The method of claim 2 wherein the second portion of the lens comprises a rear half portion of the lens and the surface of the second portion of the lens is a convex surface, and wherein adhering a surface of the second portion of the lens and a second surface of the photopolymer film together by a second portion of optical adhesive includes adhering the convex surface of the second portion of the lens and the second surface of the photopolymer film together by the second portion of optical adhesive.
 4. The method of claim 1 wherein the first portion of the lens comprises a front half portion of the lens and the surface of the first portion of the lens is a convex surface, and wherein adhering a surface of the first portion of the lens and a first surface of the photopolymer film together by a first portion of optical adhesive includes adhering the convex surface of the first portion of the lens and the first surface of the photopolymer film together by the first portion of optical adhesive.
 5. The method of claim 4 wherein the second portion of the lens comprises a rear half portion of the lens and the surface of the second portion of the lens is a concave surface, and wherein adhering a surface of the second portion of the lens and a second surface of the photopolymer film together by a second portion of optical adhesive includes adhering the concave surface of the second portion of the lens and the second surface of the photopolymer film together by the second portion of optical adhesive.
 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising: applying a curvature to the photopolymer film before adhering the surface of the first portion of the lens and the first surface of the photopolymer film together by the first portion of optical adhesive.
 7. The method of claim 6 wherein providing a photopolymer film includes providing a photopolymer film comprising a carrier with the photopolymer film applied thereon, and wherein applying a curvature to the photopolymer film includes: warming the photopolymer film to a temperature below about 80 degrees Celsius; and pressing the carrier, with the photopolymer film thereon, over a curved surface.
 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising: applying an eyeglass prescription to the lens.
 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising: recording a hologram into the photopolymer film.
 10. The method of claim 1, further comprising: applying at least one coating to at least one surface, the at least one surface selected from a group consisting of: a surface of the first portion of the lens, and a surface of the second portion of the lens.
 11. The method of claim 1 wherein adhering a surface of the first portion of the lens and a first surface of the photopolymer film by a first portion of optical adhesive includes applying a first portion of optical adhesive to at least one surface, the at least one surface selected from a group consisting of: a surface of the first portion of the lens, and a first surface of the photopolymer film.
 12. The method of claim 1 wherein adhering a surface of the first portion of the lens and a first surface of the photopolymer film by a first portion of optical adhesive includes pressing the surface of the first portion of the lens and the first surface of the photopolymer film together.
 13. The method of claim 1 wherein adhering a surface of the first portion of the lens and a first surface of the photopolymer film by a first portion of optical adhesive includes curing the first portion of optical adhesive.
 14. The method of claim 1 wherein adhering a surface of the second portion of the lens and a second surface of the photopolymer film together by a second portion of optical adhesive includes applying a second portion of optical adhesive to at least one surface, the at least one surface selected from a group consisting of: a surface of the second portion of the lens, and a second surface of the photopolymer film.
 15. The method of claim 1 wherein adhering a surface of the second portion of the lens and a second surface of the photopolymer film together by a second portion of optical adhesive includes pressing the surface of the second portion of the lens and the second surface of the photopolymer film together.
 16. The method of claim 1 wherein adhering a surface of the second portion of the lens and a second surface of the photopolymer film together by a second portion of optical adhesive includes curing the second portion of optical adhesive. 